1. Diabetes and Its Complication, Focusing on Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) also named diabetic kidney disease (DN) is one of the leading causes of mortality in people with diabetes. The aim of this review is to update the medical literature, the theories behind its early natural history, the pathways of its pathogenesis, its diagnosis and treatment. Poor glycemic control, hyperlipidemia, smoking, oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced gly...

Early Diabetic Nephropathy A complication of reduced insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdWe assessed the relationship between insulin sensitivity at baseline and development of early phenotypes of DNdmicroalbuminuria (albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR] $30mg/g) and rapid renal function decline (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] loss.3 mL/min/1.73 m per year)dwith three Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations over 6 years. Subject...

Smoking and progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoking contributes to development of diabetic nephropathy. However, long-term studies on the effect of smoking on decline in kidney function in diabetic nephropathy are lacking. We assessed the impact of smoking on progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study started in 1983. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHO...

Familial Factors and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetic Nephropathy AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION

D iabetes has become the most common single cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the U.S. and Europe; this is due to the facts that 1) diabetes, particularly type 2, is increasing in prevalence; 2) diabetes patients now live longer; and 3) patients with diabetic ESRD are now being accepted for treatment in ESRD programs where formerly they had been excluded. In the U.S., diabetic nephropa...